Complete Citations

There are two primary forms of citation in the harvard style dependent upon whether the reference is used as a noun or parenthetically. Additionally, where there are more than two authors, all authors are listed in the first citation and in subsequent citations just the first author's name followed by `et al.' is used. The following example from Pitson (1978) illustrates these points.

The major improvement concerns the structure of the interview (Ulrich & Trumbo 1965, p. 112) .... Later reports (Carlson, Thayer, Mayfield & Peterson 1971) record greatly increased interviewer reliability for structured interviews. Wright (1969, p. 408) comments that `undoubtedly interviewer skill is directly related to the validity, quantity and quality of the interview output', and this would suggest some sort of interviewer training is called for. Rowe (1960), for example, found that trained interviewers are better able to evaluate applicants with some measure of reliability. In addition Wexley, Sanders & Yukl (1973) showed that by extensive interviewer training all significant contrast effects could be eliminated. The results of the 1971 study (Carlson et al. 1971) are still relevant, but efforts to ....

To facilitate using a citation as a noun a new command $\backslash$citeasnoun has been created which has the same syntax as the $\backslash$cite command except that multiple citations are not permitted. The effect of this command is that

As \citeasnoun{btxdoc} and \citeasnoun[Annex~B]{latex} describe \ldots

produces

As Patashnik (1988) and Lamport (1986, Annex B) describe ...

whereas

The \BibTeX\ \cite{btxdoc} and \LaTeX\ \cite[Annex~B]{latex} manuals \ldots

produces

The BibTeX (Patashnik; 1988) and L^ATEX (Lamport; 1986, Annex B) manuals ...

A second new command $\backslash$possessivecite is provided for those instances where it is desired to use the citation as a possessive noun phrase. This is a variation on the $\backslash$citeasnoun command and multiple citations are not permitted. As an example of its use

\possessivecite{latex} description of this feature is \ldots

produces

Lamport's (1986) description of this feature is ...

A third new command $\backslash$citeaffixed allows text to be affixed inside the beginning of the parenthesis of a parenthetical citation. This command is like the the $\backslash$cite command except that it takes a second argument - the text to be affixed after the opening parenthesis. For example

\BibTeX\ manuals \citeaffixed{latex,btxdoc}{e.g.} describe \ldots

produces

BibTeX manuals (e.g. Lamport; 1986; Patashnik; 1988) describe ...