thebibliography

 \begin{thebibliography}{widest-label}
 \bibitem[label]{cite_key}
 literature citation ...
 ....
 \end{thebibliography}
The thebibliography environment produces a bibliography or reference list. In the article style, this reference list is labeled "References"; in the report style, it is labeled "Bibliography".

widest-label is text that, when printed, is approximately as wide as the widest item label produced by the \bibitem command.

The thebibliography environment is similar to the enumerate environment, except that items are associated with a \bibitem command and can be cross-referenced with the \cite command.

An example

In the text you generate a reference to the bibliographic list as follows:
    ... In the running text you might want to refer to 
  Dow & Jones\cite{DandJ} and then again you 
  might not ... 
The \cite command will produce a sequence number by default, or the text from the optional label argument of \bibcite; this latter is useful if the style is to use, for example, the first three letters of the author's last name and a year, as in Dow29.

The associated item in the bibliography section at the end of the article would be generated by

  \begin{thebibliography}{99}
  ....
  \bibitem{DandJ} Dow, W. \& Jones, E.A.,
   {\it Wall Street Journal},
   March 29, 1929.
  ....
  \end{thebibliography}
Note that the widest-label parameter has been set assuming less than 100 numbered items in the bibliography. Also note that the key, DandJ, is what connects the \cite and \bibitem.

If label is omitted, the numbers are generated sequentially by the \bibitem commands. Many journals want these in order of appearance in the text, so you have to sort this list to the proper order.

See also

Return to LaTeX Table of Contents
Revised: Sheldon Green, 17 May 1995.